What is a Biopsy?
A biopsy is a procedure in which a small piece of tissue is removed from the mouth so it can be examined under a microscope.
- Excision biopsy: The entire abnormal area is removed. This is usually suitable only for small lumps or swellings.
- Incisional biopsy: Only a part of the abnormal area is taken to confirm a diagnosis.
How is the Biopsy Done?
- Most biopsies are performed under local anaesthesia, meaning an injection is used to numb the area. The injection takes a few minutes to work and ensures the procedure is painless.
- The biopsy usually leaves a small hole that may need stitching.
- Most stitches are dissolvable, disappearing over about two weeks.
- The whole procedure—from numbing the area to stitching—usually takes around 15 minutes.
What Can I Expect Afterwards?
- Soreness or swelling: Mild discomfort may appear once the anaesthetic wears off after a few hours. Occasional use of simple painkillers such as Paracetamol or Ibuprofen may help. Discomfort usually lasts only a few days.
- Bleeding: Minor bleeding during the procedure is normal and usually stops quickly. If bleeding occurs after you go home, apply gentle pressure with a rolled-up handkerchief or swab for at least 10 minutes. Contact the department if bleeding continues.
Returning to Work
Most people are able to return to work later the same day, depending on their job and how they feel after the procedure.
Care at Home
- Avoid biting or pressing on numb areas of the mouth.
- Do not rinse your mouth vigorously on the day of surgery to prevent bleeding.
- Brush your teeth normally, including the teeth near the biopsy site.
- If food gets stuck around the stitches, gently rinse with mouthwash or warm salt water (dissolve one teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water) starting the day after surgery.
Follow-Up Appointments
Since dissolvable stitches are used, a follow-up appointment is not always required. You will usually be given one to discuss the results of your biopsy.
